This Daily Doodle illustrates the differential diagnosis of hematuria.

A popular mnemonic = “TICS”:

T
Trauma: trauma, foley insertion, foreign body, extensive exercise
Tumor: kidney, bladder, prostatic and urethral neoplasms
Toxins: turpentine, phenols, sulfonamides, cyclophosphamide, NSAIDs

I
Infections: cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, TB
Inflammatory: Goodpasture’s syndrome, post irradiation

C
Calculi: renal, ureteral, bladder, urethra
Cysts: simple cysts, polycystic disease
Congenital anomalies: hemangiomas, aneurysms, AV malformation

S
Surgery: invasive procedures, prostatic resection, cystoscopy
Sickle cell disease and other hematologic disturbances: hemophilia, anticoagulants
Somewhere else: other sources

References

• J. Reynard, S. Brewster, S. Biers. “Oxford Handbook of Urology”. Oxford University Press. 2013
• F. Ferri. “Practical Guide to the Care of the Medical Patient”. Mosby. Inc. 2011. http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/